بونوفورت 500مجم 20 كبسول

Mechanism of Action Mefenamic acid has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. The mechanism of action of mefenamic acid, like that of other NSAIDs, is not completely understood but involves inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2). Mefenamic acid is a potent inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in vitro. Mefenamic acid concentrations reached during therapy have produced in vivo effects. Prostaglandins sensitize afferent nerves and potentiate the action of bradykinin in inducing pain in animal models. Prostaglandins are mediators of inflammation. Because mefenamic acid is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, its mode of action may be due to a decrease of prostaglandins in peripheral tissues.

Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of mefenamic acid capsules and other treatment options before deciding to use mefenamic acid capsules. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see WARNINGS ; Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation ). Mefenamic acid capsules are indicated: For relief of mild to moderate pain in patients ≥14 years of age, when therapy will not exceed one week (7 days). For treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of mefenamic acid and other treatment options before deciding to use mefenamic acid. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see Warnings ; Gastrointestinal Bleeding, Ulceration, and Perforation ). After observing the response to initial therapy with mefenamic acid, the dose and frequency should be adjusted to suit an individual patient's needs. For the relief of acute pain in adults and adolescents ≥14 years of age, the recommended dose is 500 mg as an initial dose followed by 250 mg every 6 hours as needed, usually not to exceed one week. For the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea, the recommended dose is 500 mg as an initial dose followed by 250 mg every 6 hours, given orally, starting with the onset of bleeding and associated symptoms. Clinical studies indicate that effective treatment can be initiated with the start of menses and should not be necessary for more than 2 to 3 days.

The following are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling: Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events (see Warnings ) GI Bleeding, Ulceration and Perforation (see Warnings ) Hepatotoxicity (see Warnings ) Hypertension (see Warnings ) Heart Failure and Edema (see Warnings ) Renal Toxicity and Hyperkalemia (see Warnings ) Anaphylactic Reactions (see Warnings ) Serious Skin Reactions (see Warnings ) Hematologic Toxicity (see Warnings ) Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. In patients taking mefenamic acid or other NSAIDs, the most frequently reported adverse experiences occurring in approximately 1 to 10% of patients are: Gastrointestinal experiences including - abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence, gross bleeding/perforation, heartburn, nausea, GI ulcers (gastric/duodenal), vomiting, abnormal renal function, anemia, dizziness, edema, elevated liver enzymes, headaches, increased bleeding time, pruritus, rashes, tinnitus Additional adverse experiences reported occasionally and listed here by body system include: Body as a whole Fever, infection, sepsis Cardiovascular system Congestive heart failure, hypertension, tachycardia, syncope Digestive system Dry mouth, esophagitis, gastric/peptic ulcers, gastritis, gastrointestinal bleeding, glossitis, hematemesis, hepatitis, jaundice Hemic and lymphatic system Ecchymosis, eosinophilia, leukopenia, melena, purpura, rectal bleeding, stomatitis, thrombocytopenia Metabolic and nutritional Weight changes Nervous system Anxiety, asthenia, confusion, depression, dream abnormalities, drowsiness; insomnia, malaise, nervousness, paresthesia, somnolence, tremors, vertigo Respiratory system Asthma, dyspnea Skin and appendages Alopecia, photosensitivity, pruritus, sweat Special senses Blurred vision Urogenital system Cystitis, dysuria, hematuria, interstitial nephritis, oliguria/polyuria, proteinuria, renal failure Other , which occur rarely are: Body as a whole Anaphylactoid reactions, appetite changes, death Cardiovascular system Arrhythmia, hypotension, myocardial infarction, palpitations, vasculitis Digestive system Eructation, liver failure, pancreatitis Hemic and lymphatic system Agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, lymph-a...

Mefenamic acid capsules are contraindicated in the following patients: Known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylactic reactions and serious skin reactions) to mefenamic acid or any components of the drug product (see WARNINGS ; Anaphylactic Reactions, Serious Skin Reactions ). History of asthma, urticaria, or other allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs. Severe, sometimes fatal, anaphylactic reactions to NSAIDs have been reported in such patients (see WARNINGS ; Anaphylactic Reaction, Exacerbation of Asthma Related to Aspirin Sensitivity ). In the setting of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery (see WARNINGS ; Cardiovascular Thrombotic Events ).